Mysterious island forts in Siberia

Mysterious ancient fortress island in 1300

Mysterious island forts in Siberia

The expert historians and scientists still disagree about the origin of the birth of the island fortress Por-Bajin. However, some experts believe that this isolated area can be built to attract people, instead of someone imprisoned. They said that this could ever be a summer palace, monastery or astronomical observatory.

The name Por-Bajin in Tuvan language means "house of clay". The island is located between the Altai and Sayan Mountains, near the border with Mongolia and Russia's capital, Moscow 3.800km.

Mysterious island forts in Siberia

Por-Bajin Island was discovered in 1891 and first purpose built facilities on the island remains unsolved mystery for more than a century later.

Many more thorough study was conducted in 2007. In it, the archaeologists have discovered many clay tablet form the feet, faded paintings on plaster walls, large gates and the piece of wood burned.

According to experts, the island was built under the empire superficial (in 744-840 AD). However, it remains unclear engine built a fort in such isolated places, far away from major population areas and important trade routes. Layout thick and using building materials represent traditional Chinese architecture.

Mysterious island forts in Siberia

The scientists were able to use laser mapping techniques to create a 3D image of the land with an area of ​​3.5 hectares has been used to build forts.

Even works are identified about 1,300 years old, but many walls still intact and well preserved with a main structure split into two parts in the courtyard. The main structure has 36 wooden columns supporting on rock, with tiled walkways.

It was difficult to understand the origin of the island fortress birth is the reason why it was abandoned.

Mysterious island forts in Siberia

Mysterious island forts in SiberiaMot artefacts unearthed in Por-Bajin island. (Photo: Daily Mail)

The researchers noted the lack of heating system on the island, even if it has to withstand the harsh weather of Siberia and is located at an altitude of 2,300 meters above sea level.

Russian President Vladimir Putin during his visit to the island in 2007 and Prince Albert of Monaco expressed embarrassment over. "I've been to many places and seen many things. But I never see anything like this," Putin said.

Inventing self-cleaning paint

The coating can clean itself when damaged or immersion oil

Inventing self-cleaning paint

According to research published in the journal Science 5/3 days, the scientists said coating completely waterproof made from titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Unlike other water-resistant coating, this new invention might be able to clean even when damaged or submerged oil.

"The biggest challenge for surface wash is seeking to help them withstand the damaging elements every day," Clair Carmalt Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at University College London (UCL), a co-only research director, said.

Do durability, the paint can be widely applied to many fields of textiles, paper, glass to steel. In addition, the scientists also use the materials available to help increase the application of the product.

"Resistance to water helps self-cleaning materials, by forming water droplets form on the surface of roller bearings, like a mini vacuum cleaner, sweeping dirt, bacteria and viruses," said study author Yao Lu of UCL said.

Depending on the material surface, scientists using different coating technologies such as ray gun to the surface of glass and steel, embedding method for surface covered cotton, wool and spraying the paper. Apart from UCL, London and the Royal Academy of Dalian University of Technology, China also participated in the study.

Transplant surgery the first person in history

For the first time in history the doctor will conduct the first transplant surgery

Valery Spiridonov is a 30-year-old computer engineer Russians. Right from birth, Valery was suffering from muscular dystrophy Werdnig-Hoffman very rare, the disease makes him a wheelchair from the baby and can not operate like normal people.

However, a team of surgeons led by Dr. Sergio Canavero opened the door hoping to help Valery own a perfectly healthy body. It is very controversial method today, the first transplant. Dr. Sergio claims that he can cut off the head and inserted into a healthy body.

Transplant surgery the first person in history to conduct next year
Valery Spiridonov suffering from muscular dystrophy congenital Werdnig-Hoffman, making him almost paralyzed the entire body.

Valery has accepted the opportunity to get a healthy body with this particular method. He said that he once wanted to be able to walk like normal people before dying.

Dr. Sergio Canavero currently in Italy, he just talked to Valery via Skype. However Valery lot of confidence in this method, he said this is probably your only chance to have a normal body, the disease situation is gradually changing Valery deteriorated since last year. Meanwhile, Dr. Sergio also said that with the technology and engineering is now fully able to perform a head transplant surgery.

Transplant surgery the first person in history to conduct next year
Dr. Sergio Canavero had a speech about the method of his first transplant, but a lot of objections and said that this is impossible.

Meanwhile, those in the medical community that this method is extremely crazy. Although a first transplant surgery in monkeys was done 45 years ago, has also recently started a rat transplant was conducted in China. But a similar surgery on people is beyond the imagination of the doctors in the present time. Dr. Hunt Batjer, president of the Association of Surgeons American nervous: "I will not let anyone do that, to me, this method is worse than death."

Valery new body was donated from a brain dead. In this surgery, both transplant recipients and donors will have to cut off the head of his starts from the spinal cord. Then, Dr. Sergio will use a chemical which he called "magic ingredient", in fact it is a polyethylene glycol glue used to join the two ends spinal cord between the coupling head and body donation .

Blood vessels and nerves will also be joined together. Then the patient will be placed in a coma lasts 4 weeks, to help part-time pairing with recovery. A very strong inhibitors will be used for the body's immune system can not excrete the new parts.

Transplant surgery the first person in history to conduct next year
First transplant surgery is complicated and risky, the doctors in the world are opposed to this method.

Many people believe that Dr. Sergio has oversimplified the bone marrow of two different, because there are many problems that can arise during and after surgery. However both Sergio and Dr. Valery believe in this surgery. Valery said his family is very supportive.

Main Valery was contacted Dr. Sergio 2 years ago, after accidentally found his research on early human transplantation. Then, two people have exchanged with each other by email and Skype, which has never met before.

In the history of medicine has not been started yet transplant surgery successful, even in animals. In 1970, Dr. Robert White has conducted monkey head transplant surgery on the body of a monkey on at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. However monkey head transplant surgery died of the body's immune system may reject the new head transplant. Earlier, the monkey could not move as well as spontaneous respiration because the bone marrow does not work, causing the entire body does not work.

Transplant surgery the first person in history to conduct next year
Notes of Dr. Robert White with transplant surgery early on monkeys in 1970.

Experts said that the records of the first transplant surgery by Dr. Robert does not help to be able to perform a head transplant surgery in the future. The bone marrow transplant between two separate individuals is extremely difficult and had never done before.

However, the first transplant surgery will be conducted by Valery next year, without incident happened. Estimated Dr. Sergio will conduct the surgery lasted 36 hours and the entire cost of the surgery is up to 11 million. This amount will be funded by the Research Foundation of Dr. Sergio. If successful implementation of this surgery, Dr. Sergio will change modern medicine.

5 of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA

NASA and 5 greatest scientific achievements in history
1. Telescope Chandra X-ray

Chandra telescope was launched into space in 1999 and the second half is the device plays an important role in the fate of the NASA space conquest. During fifteen years, Chandra gave humanity a unique panoramic view of the universe. It is considered as one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA.

5 of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA
Chandra X-ray is considered one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA

Chandra X-ray elliptical orbit to orbit the Earth, offers astronomers a better view of the area to focus greater energy density in the universe where there may be remnants of a supernova explosion. The photos of Chandra helped scientists better understand the universe around (pulsar, form of electromagnetic radiation related to the formation and operation of the death star) and the nebula in space.

Chandra is considered one of the four "great observatories" NASA's three remaining names Spitzer Space Telescope, Hubble Space Telescope and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
2. Freedom 7 mission and put the first American to fly in space

Day 5/5/1961, Alan Shepard left the Earth and officially became the first American astronaut to fly into space. It should be noted that Shepard was not the first to fly on Tru dancers were great achievements of the great cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin the Soviet Union.

5 of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA
Historic mission included the first American into space was successfully implemented in 1961

In fact, the moment Alan Shepard into space flight after only 23 days of Gargarin right. And from that moment, Shepard wrote his name into the annals of the great book of NASA for manned flight into space and the first to set the standard for future astronauts to follow his path . Shepard left Earth at 09:34 aboard Freedom 7, his historic flight lasted a total of 15 minutes and 28 seconds.
3. International Space Station ISS

International Space Station ISS construction was started in 1998 and researchers in use since 2000. The group's first crew arrived at the station in 2000 and since then they have lived in places Here, serving for research and space exploration.

NASA and partners from around the world officially completed the entire building the International Space Station in 2011. The astronomers had to study to find out how to live in zero gravity environment, and beyond the completion of future tasks a man on the Moon and Mars.

5 of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA
Referring to the impressive accomplishments of NASA scientists, can not help but mention the International Space Station ISS

Photos of the International Space Station ISS is concrete evidence to claim the mission in space can bring amazing results. Although the International Space Station (ISS) is not the first space station of mankind, but it is certainly the most impressive space station.
4. Apollo 13

On 11.04.1970, the spacecraft Apollo 13 was launched, and after 55 hours and 55 minutes, a terrifying explosion occurred, destroying almost the entire system as well as the equipment necessary to maintain Life on board.

The shocking case started by one of the ship's engine stop activities within two minutes after takeoff. One of the two oxygen tanks exploded and pressure of oxygen tank explosion Monday that further apart. Soon, two of the three compartments of spacecraft fuel stops working. This means that the entire amount of oxygen stored on Apollo 13 was leaking into the space and all the basic support of life such as electricity, water, light, temperature and oxygen are terminated.

The disaster has marked one of the rescue phase great team in the history of mankind. It has been thought to the possibility tragic could happen but finally miracle occurred, the astronauts James Lovell crew-, Fred Hayes and John Swirget survived was considered a miracle.

5 of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA
Apollo disaster marked a phase of great rescue exercise in the history of mankind

The brave, fearless of the men on board with all those involved in the rescue mission is a typical example shows the intelligence and courage of humanity incredible. To sustain life, astronauts almost no food, water and sleep while on the train down to temperatures near the freezing point. In less than six days, the crew is down 31.5 pounds because of dehydration.

While waiting for their perseverance, the technicians at NASA control center has attempted to work tirelessly, finally completed after 6 days thousands selection algorithms and solutions. they have found a way to rescue the astronauts return.
5. Apollo 11

Apollo 1 capital is expected to shuttle the first manned lunar landing, but unfortunately, the spacecraft did not complete this noble mission. The test of the ship is a real disaster, killing all three astronauts due to a fire in the cabin.

5 of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of NASA
Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong set foot put on the moon's great scientific achievements of NASA

Two years later, NASA has run a total of nine trials with a series of projects shuttle. Finally, the shuttle Apollo 11 became the first successful mission to put a man on the moon. When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the surface of the moon and uttered the legendary words "One small step foot of man, one giant leap for mankind", the whole world was astonished, even some people are skeptical and do not believe in miracles.

Soon, Buzz Aldrin and two others became the next set foot on the Moon. Since the Apollo 11 mission success, only ten astronauts have ever set foot on the only natural satellite of Earth.

15 road world's most beautiful flowers

1. Molyvos, Lesvos, Greece

2. Bonn, Germany

3. Tunnel of love, Caras-severin, Romania

4. Stockholm, Sweden

5. Valencia, Spain

6. Grafton, Australia

7. Nafplio, Peloponnese,Greece

8. Cullinan, South Africa

9. Spello, Italy

10. Porto, Alegre, Brazil

11. Taiwan

12. Washington D.C., US

13. Jerez, Spain

14. Positano, Italy

15. Brisbane

Large Hadron Collider to restart in the world after two years

Restart the LHC particle accelerator

The scientists from the organization for Nuclear Research of Europe (CERN) 5/4 day shoot two beams through the tunnel 27 km in circumference of the accelerator. This is the Large Hadron Collider for the first time (LHC) launch since 2013.

Large Hadron Collider to restart in the world after two years
Accelerator restart after two years to upgrade the system and improve connectivity. (Photo: CERN)

According to CERN accelerator can produce twice as much energy and the larger particle collisions. During the active phase lasted three years of LHC second time, they hope it will support the research of physics, the origin of matter, including dark matter.

"We will have about 6-8 weeks to establish stable collision first experiment," Fox News quoted Joerg WENNINGER, who coordinated the operation of the accelerator, said.

LHC is the largest particle accelerator and the world's most powerful built by CERN. LHC is contained in a tunnel 27 kilometers in circumference, at a depth of 175 m above the ground, in an area near Geneva, Switzerland. It is designed to perform experiments frontal collisions between protons. Radiation is generated from the operation of this giant laboratory will not cause any danger, because it is designed with a sealing layer thickness around.

Through experiments, experts hope to study the formation of the universe. Predict the Higgs mechanism, also known as the "God particle", was discovered through particle accelerators 2012.

The house is built of the first countries in the world

Water is the perfect material to reduce the temperature is ideal for home, Matyas Gutai, Hungarian architect said. After years of research "building techniques using liquid", along with his high school friend Milan Berenyi, Gutai has built a home test water samples at home Kecskemet, Hungary central city.
The house is built of the first countries in the world
The house is built of large water sample his 8m2 Gutai. (Photo: CNN)
According to CNN, in 2013, while studying architecture at the University of Tokyo, Gutai had the idea of ​​building with water during a heated outdoor bathing. At that time, although it is snowing, but Gutai not feel cold. It was then that he realized the importance of the surface temperature of the water and its potential use in construction.
The house was built by the panels, steel and glass. Water is pumped into the middle class, to help balance the heat for both projects.
"These panels help heat or cool the house. The water inside it acts like a fireplace," Gutai explained. When cold, the hot water stored in the tank is pumped out into the middle of the panels, to help warm the house. Room temperature can adjust using the same control system as the central heating system.
"This method saves more energy than a building of similar size, also built of glass," Gutai said. This is a system efficiency and sustainability, the house can produce energy, not dependent on the power supply and reduce carbon emissions.
"In the new era, the architecture is gradually changing. We have reached the limit of solid architecture, and now I need to go find a different architectural shapes," Gutai talk about the concept of "technical construction techniques liquid "her.
"I started researching this method 7-8 years ago," explains Gutai. He took nearly 6 years to built houses. In the process of symmetry, there are many structural problems posed, as if the outdoor temperature is too cold, the water would freeze in the slot walls, or what happens if a broken panels.
"We have mixed solvent of water with a natural, non-polluting, but freezing temperatures dropped to the extent practicable. This means that, even when the machine heats water damage, water can not freeze . "
The house is built of the first countries in the world
Class 'wall of water' move in the middle class homes, help balance temperature. (Photo: CNN)
In addition, the panels are specially designed, allowing the flow to go through the slow, but fast lock flow. If a broken panels, water will be retained in the other plate immediately. This effect is based on the principles of hydrodynamics, without the use of computer or electronic monitoring system.
Currently, Gutai is collaborating with universities and manufacturers to ensure the feasibility of the construction. His house is built form is only 8 m2 wide.
"Our goal is to use less energy and materials than, and replicate this model to many cities as possible," said Gutai. He is currently working at Feng Chia University, Taiwan.